Reading and writing fill in the blanks practice exercise. Below is text with blanks. Choose the correct word for each blank to complete the text.

Climate change effects (1) ……………………  events—spring flowers open earlier, songbirds breed sooner. But what about mammals? The new study documents the effect on a special breed of cows in the U.K. Northumberland’s Chillingham cattle were once (2) …………………., but now roam free. And they offer a unique opportunity for study. Because the owners started keeping detailed records on them in 1860, due in part to the urging of none other than Charles Darwin. The cattle are thus an excellent source of long-term info on how earlier springs affect what’s called phenology—seasonal (3) ………………….  events. The Chillingham can give birth all year, not just spring and summer like most U.K. mammals. And It is shown by the date that over the past few decades, there’s been an increase in winter births. Which the (4) ……………….   correlated to warmer springs: plants grow earlier, the cattle have more access to nutrition. The winter babies are more likely to die before they turn one. The research was (5) ………………….   in the Journal of Animal Ecology. The researchers say that even mammals that breed year-round—which should offer (6) …………………….   against seasonal shifts—may still feel the impact of the changing climate.

(1) cleanable, seasonal, routine, research
(2) upgraded, placement, enslavement, domesticated
(3) lifecycle, archival, tribal, guileful
(4) wheedles, researchers, treatises, priestesses
(5) lavished, locket, admonished, published
(6) protection, recession, concession, concretion

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